The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.